History of the Internet
Resource Sharing
The Internet began in the 1960's as a way for
government researchers to share information. Computers in the 60s were large
and immovable and in order to use the information stored on any single
computer, one had to go to a computer site or have magnetic tapes sent by
standard mail system.
Another factor that contributed to the
development of the Internet was the heat of the Cold War. The launch of the
Soviet Union Sputnik satellite encouraged the U.S. Department of Defense. To
look at the ways in which information can be disseminated even after a nuclear
attack. This eventually led to the creation of the ARPANET (Advanced Research
Projects Agency Network), a network that eventually turned to what we now know
as the Internet. The ARPANET was a great success but membership was limited to
certain educational and research organizations that had agreements with the
Department of Defense. In response to this, some networks have been created to
provide information.
January 1, 1983 is considered the official
Internet birthday. . A new communication system called Transfer Control
Protocol / Internetwork Protocol (TCP / IP) was developed. This has allowed
different types of computers in different networks to "talk" to each
other. ARPANET and Defense Data Network officially converted to TCP / IP
standard on January 1, 1983, which is why the Internet was born. All networks
can now be connected in a universal language
which was issued to the Census Bureau in 1951.
Weighed some 30,000 pounds [16,000 kg], used 5,000 tubes, and could perform up
to a thousand figures per second. It was the first American commercial
computer, and the first computer designed for business use. (Business computers
such as UNIVAC process data much slower than IAS-type machines, but are
designed for faster input and output.) The first few sales were for government
agencies, A.C Nielsen Company, and Prudential Insurance Company. The first
UNIVAC business application was incorporated into the General Electric
Appliance Division, to do the leading work, in 1954. In 1957 Remington-Rand
(which had bought Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation in 1950) had sold 46
machines.
When we think of the Internet, we tend to think
only of the World Wide Web. The Web is one of the many ways to extract
information from the Internet. These different types of Internet connections
are known as contracts. You can use different software programs to access the
Internet for each of these processes, even if you don't need that. Most
Internet browsers allow users to access files using most protocols. The
following are three categories of Internet services and examples of types of
services in each category.
File retrieval agreements
This type of service was one of the first ways
to get information on computers connected to the Internet. You can view the
names of files stored on a working computer, but you have no graphics type and
sometimes you do not have a description of the contents of the file. You will
need to have advanced knowledge of which files contain the information you
want.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
This has become one of the first advanced
Internet services and allows users to move files from one computer to another.
Using the FTP application, the user can access the computer remotely, browse
through his files, and download or upload files (if the remote computer
allows). These can be any type of file, but the user is only allowed to see the
file name; no description of file content included. You may encounter an FTP
protocol if you try to download any software applications from the World Wide
Web. Many sites that offer downloadable applications use FTP protocol.
Communication Agreements
email, newsgroups and chat
These are messaging systems that allow users to
communicate both seamlessly (sender and recipient do not need to be both
connected to the Internet simultaneously; e.g., email) and sync (such as
"real-time" chat).
Email
This form of Internet communication has become
standard. The mainframe computer acts as "mail" by sending and
receiving mail from those with accounts. Or from web-based email accounts
(Yahoo, Hotmail). Email is an example of a seamless internet connection. Email also provides the ability to access email lists. You can
subscribe to an email list covering any number of topics or interests and will
receive messages posted by other subscribers. Email communities evolve from
interaction between subscribers who have similar interests or obsessions.
Usenet
Usenet is
something like a bulletin board or email list without a subscription. Anyone
can send a message or browse the Usenet newsgroup. Usenet messages are stored
on a computer that only works for a predetermined time and are automatically
deleted, while email list messages are stored on a computer running until the
account holder downloads them. Many email programs, as well as Web browsers,
allow you to set up Usenet group accounts.
IRC (Internet
Conversation)
This protocol
allows for seamless communication: users on different computers anywhere in the
world can communicate "in real time" or simultaneously. You can
quickly see a response to a message typed by several people at once. This
protocol requires a special software program that can be downloaded from the
Web, free of charge.
Multimedia
Information Protocol
Transmission
Protocol - "Web"
The World Wide Web is a new blockchain developed only in the late 1980's by the European Lab for Particle Physics in Switzerland. This Internet protocol has been widely accepted by the public and has become a very popular way to provide and access information on the Internet. The Web not only
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